Definition:
QUBO refers to a mathematical model used to represent complex optimization problems in a standardized form that can be efficiently solved using specialized algorithms or hardware (e.g., quantum annealers, heuristics, or classical solvers). The QUBO formulation encodes a problem into a quadratic objective function involving binary variables (0 or 1), without explicit constraints. All constraints are instead embedded into the objective through penalty terms.
Applications in Operations Research:
QUBO models are especially useful in combinatorial optimization scenarios such as workforce scheduling, vehicle routing, task assignment, and supply chain optimization. By reformulating traditional constraint-based problems into QUBO, Solvice and similar platforms can tap into highly scalable solving techniques, including those compatible with quantum computing and advanced metaheuristics.
Benefits: